Lymphatic System Chpt 22 Questions

Chapter 22 Lymphatic System Joshua Buchanan
22. What are interferons? How do they provide protection against viruses?
Interferons are proteins that protect the body against viral infection and perhaps some forms of cancer. They bind to the surface of neighboring cells where they stimulation production of anti—viral proteins, which fight of the viral infections.
30. What are allergic reactions and what are auto-immune diseases?
Allergic reactions are an overreaction of the immune system within a person’s body. Auto-immune disease result when self-antigens stimulate unwanted tissues destruction, the body basically attacks itself.
35. What type of antigens by MHC class one and two molecules?
MHC class Imolecules are found on nucleated cells; they display antigens produced inside the cells on their surfaces. MHC class II molecules are found on antigen-presenting cells, which include B cells, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells.

40. Describe how antigen-presenting cells stimulate an increase in the number of helper T cells. Why is this important?
Antigen-presenting cells use MHC class II molecules to present processed antigens to helper T cells. Helper T cells respond to the MHC class II/antigen complex and costimulation by dividing. As a result, the number of helper T cells that recognize the antigen increases. This is important because these cells are responsible for the immune response that destroys the antigen.
47. What are the primary and secondary antibody responses? Why doesn’t the primary response prevent illness but the secondary response does?
The primary response results from the first exposure of a B cell to an antigen for which it is specific and includes a series of cell divisions, cell differentiation, and antibody production. The secondary response occurs when the immune system is exposed to an antigen against which it has already produced a primary response. The secondary response results from memory b cells, which rapidly divide to produce plasma cells and large amounts of antibody when exposed to an antigen. The secondary response provides better protection for two reasons: the time required to produce antibodies is less and the amount of antibodies produced is larger.
53. Describe how interactions among innate, antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity can eliminate an antigen.
They all are a part of the body’s immune system response.